Raising Awareness for Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) affects millions of people around the world, yet it remains one of the most often undiagnosed conditions. September is National Peripheral Artery Disease Awareness Month—a time dedicated to shedding light on this serious, but highly treatable, disease.
PAD is a condition characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup. This can lead to restricted blood flow, primarily affecting the extremities like the legs. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 8 to 12 million Americans over the age of 40 suffer from PAD. Even more alarming, over 160,000 PAD-related amputations are performed in the U.S. each year.
Symptoms of PAD
Understanding the symptoms of PAD is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. Here are some common signs to look out for:
- Leg Pain While Walking (Claudication): Pain and cramping in the legs during physical activity, which subsides with rest.
- Resting Pain: Persistent pain in the legs, especially at night, that feels like your feet are submerged in ice.
- Non-Healing Wounds: Ulcers or sores on the legs or feet that do not heal properly.
- Skin Discoloration: Pale or bluish skin and yellowish, thick toenails.
- Cold Limbs: A sensation of coldness in the legs or feet.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it's crucial to consult a PAD specialist at Coastal Vascular and Vein for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
Who is at Risk?
While PAD can affect anyone, certain factors increase your risk:
- Age over 50
- Smoking (current or past)
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Overweight or obese
- Family history of PAD
- Non-healing wounds
Causes of PAD
PAD is commonly caused by atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in the arteries, restricting blood flow. Plaque consists of cholesterol, calcium, waste products, and fibrin—leading to hardening and narrowing of the arteries. This condition primarily affects the arteries in the legs, which are subjected to more stress due to cholesterol and plaque accumulation.
Complications of Untreated PAD
If left untreated, PAD can lead to severe complications, including:
- Amputation: In extreme cases, PAD may cause gangrene, necessitating limb amputation.
- Heart Attack and Stroke: Restricted blood flow can increase the risk of cardiovascular events.
- Critical Limb Ischemia (CLI): A severe condition where blood flow is nearly completely obstructed, requiring emergency intervention. CLI symptoms include excruciating pain, blue or mottled skin, numbness, loss of movement, absent or diminished pulse, and cold temperature in limbs.
Early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes for PAD patients. Screening involves a simple pulse check in the legs or feet using a Doppler ultrasound. High-risk individuals, especially those with diabetes, should routinely see a vascular surgeon to manage PAD effectively.
Treatment Options
Lifestyle Changes
- Quit Smoking: Reducing or eliminating tobacco use can drastically decrease the risk of PAD progression.
- Healthy Diet: Opt for a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Exercise: Regular physical activity helps improve circulation and overall health.
Medical Interventions
- Medication: Drugs to lower cholesterol, control blood pressure, and manage diabetes.
- Minimally Invasive Procedures: Angioplasty and stenting to open blocked arteries.
- Surgery: In extreme cases, bypass surgery to reroute blood flow around the blocked arteries.
Peripheral Artery Disease is a serious condition that can significantly impact your quality of life if left untreated. With increased awareness, early detection, and appropriate treatment, PAD is highly manageable.
If you suspect you or a loved one may have PAD, consult a specialist at Coastal Vascular and Vein for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan to reduce risk.